Military Smokes and Obscurants Fate and Effects: A Literature Review Relative to Threatened and Endangered Species
Abstract
As with many anthropogenic substances, there is concern about the potential impacts of ecosystems and their component species resulting from military training and testing exercises using chemical agents, obscurants, and other smokes. The purpose of this report is to provide a review and summary of literature and other reports on the fate and environmental effects of military smokes, obscurants, and other comparably used compounds. Specifically, the focus is on species of high interest. Species of high interest included those species considered to be threatened and endangered as defined in the Endangered Species Act, and species found on United States Army and other military installations where smokes, obscurants, and riot control agents are used for military training and testing purposes. This report provides a literature review of topics where literature is sufficient and an annotated bibliography for instances where the literature search revealed either a paucity of citations or largely inaccessible primary literature.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 01, 2004
- Accession Number
- ADA443989
Entities
People
- Bruce Macallister
- Craig Amos
- Don Cropek
- Katherine Von Stackleberg
- Thomas Smith
Organizations
- Engineer Research and Development Center