Comparison of Ablation Performance in Laser Lightcraft and Standardized Mini-Thruster (POSTPRINT)

Abstract

On our 31st trip to the laser facility at WSMR we carried out experiments on laser ablation of black and white Delrin [also called polyoxymethylene, polyformaldehyde, (HCHO)x]. Mass ablation and thrust generation (Impulse) were accurately measured as a function of input laser energy in one shot experiments. The efficiency of conversion of laser energy to jet kinetic energy depended on the geometry of the energy absorption/conversion zone. The most ideal geometry, an axis symmetric mini thruster, produced ~ 60 % conversion efficiency. The extensively studied 10-cm diameter Lightcraft (with inverted paraboloid, plug nozzle geometry) produced ~ 50% conversion efficiency. The upper limit to energy conversion was computed with CEA code to be 73% for the well defined mini thruster geometry. Thus, total losses amount to ~ 13% and ~ 23%. This is a significant finding and helps to validate the concept of ?momentum calorimetry?, in which experiments like those accomplished here may be conducted to obtain reliable heats of formation. The performance of candidate chemically enhanced laser ablation or other solid propellants may be measured on a small scale. In these most recent experiments, a near-exact match of coupling coefficients (1%) was achieved in a 14-fold scale-down of the 10-cm Lightcraft to the mini thruster.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
May 18, 2005
Accession Number
ADA450681

Entities

People

  • Carl William Larson
  • Franklin B. Mead Jr.
  • Sean D. Knecht

Organizations

  • Air Force Research Laboratory

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Weapons Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Ablation
  • Absorption
  • Air Force Research Laboratories
  • Coefficients
  • Combustion Chambers
  • Couplings
  • Diameters
  • Efficiency
  • Energetic Materials
  • Energy
  • Exhaust Plumes
  • Geometry
  • Kinetic Energy
  • Laser Pulses
  • Propellants
  • Solid Propellants
  • Thrusters

Fields of Study

  • Physics

Readers

  • Aerospace Propulsion Engineering.
  • Pulsed Power and Plasma Physics.

Technology Areas

  • Directed Energy
  • Space
  • Space - Hall-Effect Thruster