The Chemistry of Deformation: How Solutes Soften Pure Metals

Abstract

Solutes have been added to strengthen elemental metals, generating usable materials for millennia; in the 1960s, solutes were found to also soften metals. Despite the empirical correlation between the "electron number" of the solute and change in strength of the material to which it is added, the mechanism responsible for softening is poorly understood. Using state-of-the-art quantum-mechanical methods, we studied the direct interaction of transition-metal solutes with dislocations in molybdenum. The interaction increases dramatically with increasing electron number and strongly influences the mechanisms responsible for plasticity in these materials. Our quantitative model explains solution softening of metals by using changes in energy and stress scales of plasticity from solutes.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Sep 01, 2006
Accession Number
ADA455391

Entities

People

  • Christopher Woodward
  • Dallas R. Trinkle

Organizations

  • Air Force Research Laboratory

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Biomedical

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Air Force
  • Air Force Research Laboratories
  • Biological Sciences
  • Chemistry
  • Computational Science
  • Crystal Structure
  • Dislocations
  • Geometry
  • Governments
  • Low Temperature
  • Materials
  • Metals
  • Plastic Properties
  • Refractory Metals
  • Softening
  • Transition Metals
  • United States Government

Readers

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Mechanical Engineering/Mechanics of Materials.
  • Surface Engineering/Surface Coating Technology.

Technology Areas

  • Microelectronics
  • Microelectronics - Graphene
  • Quantum Computing