Landing Characteristics of the Apollo Spacecraft with Deployed-Heat-Shield Impact Attenuation Systems

Abstract

An experimental investigation was made to determine the landing characteristics of a 1/4-scale dynamic model of the Apollo spacecraft command module using two different active (heat shield deployed prior to landing) landing systems for impact attenuation. One landing system (configuration 1) consisted of six hydraulic struts and eight crushable honeycomb struts. The other landing system (configuration 2), consisting of four hydraulic struts and six strain straps, was lighter. Tests made on water and the hard clay-gravel composite landing surfaces simulated parachute letdown (vertical) velocities of 23 ft/sec (7.0 m/s) (full scale). Landings made on the sand landing surface simulated vertical velocities of 30 ft/sec (9.1 m/s). Horizontal velocities of from 0 to 50 ft/sec (15 m/s) were simulated. Landing attitudes ranged from -30 degrees to 20 degrees , and the roll attitudes were 0 degrees, 90 degrees, and 180 degrees.

Open PDF

Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jan 01, 1966
Accession Number
ADA455658

Entities

People

  • Sandy M. Stubbs

Organizations

  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Weapons Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Accelerometers
  • Angular Acceleration
  • Center Of Gravity
  • Composite Materials
  • Films
  • Heat Shields
  • Impact Acceleration
  • Impact Loads
  • Landing Gear
  • Metric System
  • Models
  • Motion Pictures
  • Mounting Brackets
  • Photographs
  • Shock Absorbers
  • Spacecraft
  • Vehicles

Readers

  • Aviation Safety and Air Traffic Management
  • Explosive Engineering.
  • Fluid Dynamics.

Technology Areas

  • Space
  • Space - Hall-Effect Thruster
  • Space - Spacecraft Maneuvers