Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessments of Some Military Munitions and Obscurant-related Compounds for Selected Threatened and Endangered Species
Abstract
Preparation for anticipated, unknown, and invariably adverse battlefield conditions requires military training activities involving military smokes and obscurants (S&Os) and related chemical compounds, and can result in the release of other chemical agents and military unique compounds (MUCs) associated with munitions. This study evaluates the potential long-term impacts on selected threatened and endangered species resulting from dispersion and deposition of vapors and particles found in the fog oils, hexachloroethane smoke, colored smokes, white phosphorus, and obscurants such as brass flakes and graphite flakes used during training. Residue from these constituents can deposit directly on plants and prey species favored by higher vertebrates and other species or can be taken up by plants and prey species from the soil. From the literature and installation use reports, the authors develop estimates of toxicity and exposure to calculate installation-specific screening-level risk for selected threatened and endangered species.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 2006
- Accession Number
- ADA467991
Entities
People
- B. Southworth
- C. Butler
- Craig Amos
- J. Famely
- Jeffrey Steevens
- Katherine Von Stackleberg
- M. Mcardle
- Thomas Smith
Organizations
- Engineer Research and Development Center