Sudan: The Crisis in Darfur and Status of the North-South Peace Agreement

Abstract

Sudan, geographically the largest country in Africa, has been ravaged by civil war intermittently for four decades. More than 2 million people have died in Southern Sudan over the past two decades due to war-related causes and famine, and millions have been displaced from their homes. There were many failed attempts to end the civil war in southern Sudan. In July 2002, the Sudan government and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) signed a peace framework agreement in Kenya. On May 26, 2004, the government of Sudan and the SPLM signed three protocols. The signing of these protocols resolved all outstanding issues between the parties. On January 9, 2005, the government of Sudan and the SPLM signed the final peace agreement at a ceremony held in Nairobi, Kenya. The signing of the Sudan Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) effectively ended the 21-year old North-South civil war and triggered a six-year Interim Period. Meanwhile, a separate ongoing crisis in Darfur in western Sudan has led to a major humanitarian disaster, with an estimated 2 million people displaced, more than 234,000 people forced into neighboring Chad, and an estimated 450,000 people killed. In July 2004, the House and Senate declared the atrocities in Darfur genocide, and the Bush Administration reached the same conclusion in September 2004. In August 2006, the U.N. Security Council passed Resolution 1706, authorizing the deployment of a robust peacekeeping force to Darfur. Sudanese President Omar Bashir rejected the deployment of a United Nations force. In December, the Security Council issued a Presidential Statement effectively abandoning Resolution 1706. The proposed new force will continue to have a predominantly African composition and will be led by the African Union and an African Force Commander.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Mar 27, 2007
Accession Number
ADA468689

Entities

People

  • Ted Dagne

Organizations

  • Library of Congress

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Biomedical
  • C4I
  • Energy and Power Technologies
  • Human Systems

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Agreements
  • Civil War
  • Command And Control
  • Congress
  • Ethnic Groups
  • Foreign Policy
  • Governments
  • International Law
  • International Relations
  • Law
  • Military Personnel
  • National Governments
  • National Security
  • Negotiations
  • Terrorists
  • United States
  • United States Government

Fields of Study

  • Sociology

Readers

  • International Relations and Conflict Resolution