Physics and Technology of Transparent Ceramic Armor: Sintered Al2O3 vs Cubic Materials

Abstract

Sintered sub-micrometer alumina (alpha-Al2O3) is the hardest transparent armor. However, its trigonal structure gives rise to a strong thickness effect that makes thicker components translucent. Cubic ceramics (no birefringence!), on the other hand, are less hard but may exhibit an improved transmission. Known cubic armor ceramics are manufactured in a way resulting in coarse microstructures with low hardness. Therefore, a cubic sub-micrometer spinel was developed here that associates a high hardness > 14 GPa with an in-line transmission approaching the theoretical limit - with the consequence that the thickness effect becomes very small, and transparent components can be manufactured with several mm thickness without loss of transmissivity. Additionally, weight benefits at high protective strength are expected because the hard components can be designed thinner than using known spinel or AlON grades.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Aug 01, 2006
Accession Number
ADA469603

Entities

People

  • Andreas Krell
  • Jens Klimke
  • Thomas Hutzler

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Weapons Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Bulletproof Glass
  • Composite Materials
  • Crystal Lattices
  • Crystal Structure
  • Crystals
  • Glass
  • Grain Size
  • Hardness
  • High Temperature
  • Light Transmission
  • Materials
  • Materials Processing
  • Mechanical Properties
  • Microstructure
  • Military Vehicles
  • Nanomaterials
  • Particle Size

Readers

  • Exercise and Sports Science.
  • Spectroscopy.
  • Thin Film Deposition Science.