Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy
Abstract
Afghanistan is stabilizing after more than 22 years of warfare, including a U.S.-led war that brought the current government to power. Before the U.S. military campaign against the Taliban began on Oct 7, 2001, Afghanistan had been mired in conflict since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The Taliban ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996 until its collapse in Dec 2001 at the hands of the U.S.-led military campaign. The defeat of the Taliban enabled the United States and its coalition partners to send forces throughout Afghanistan to search for Taliban and Al Qaeda fighters and leaders that remain at large, including Osama bin Laden. Since the fall of the Taliban, Afghan citizens are enjoying new personal freedoms that were forbidden before. On May 1, the United States and the Afghan government declared major U.S.-led combat to have ended and that U.S.-led forces would henceforth concentrate on stabilization. U.S. stabilization measures include training and extending the writ of the national government, building a new Afghan national army, supporting an international security force, and setting up regional enclaves to create secure conditions for reconstruction. To help foster development, the UN and the Bush Administration have lifted most sanctions imposed on Afghanistan since the Soviet occupation. The United States gave Afghanistan over $815 million in aid during FY2002. Although the minority coalition Northern Alliance emerged from the war as the dominant force in the country, the United States and UN mediators persuaded the Alliance to share power with Pashtun representatives in a broad-based interim government. On Dec 5, 2001, major Afghan factions signed an agreement to form an interim government that ran Afghanistan until a traditional national assembly ("loya jirga") was held June 11-19, 2002. The loya jirga delegates selected a new government to run Afghanistan for the next 2 years and approved a Pashtun, Harmid Karzai, to continue as leader.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- May 02, 2003
- Accession Number
- ADA472837
Entities
People
- Kenneth Katzman
Organizations
- Library of Congress