Redefining Security Cooperation: New Limits on Phase Zero and "Shaping"
Abstract
Joint force commanders develop operational plans as well as separate but related Theater Security Cooperation (TSC) plans -- plans that were often referred to as preconflict "shaping and engagement" activities prior to 2001. "Shaping" evolved into an operational term of art in 2006 as the "shaping phase" (or "phase zero") in the new joint operations construct. But without doctrinal guidance at the national level, and without coordinated interagency control, DoD-led "shaping" activities only add to existing TSC activities, and may blur the lines between broader U.S. foreign policy and national security interests. This paper examines the benefits of retaining active DoD participation in the development of interagency security cooperation activities, but limiting military "shaping" or "phase zero" activities to the confines of full spectrum, joint operations. Also examined are the benefits of requiring the National Security Council to exercise authority and operational control over civilian-led, interagency Security Cooperation activities, and to better integrate, de-conflict, and synchronize U.S. Government activities in all theaters, regions, and countries.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 24, 2008
- Accession Number
- ADA479803
Entities
People
- Thomas M. Rhatican
Organizations
- United States Army War College