Introduction to Some Fundamental Concepts of General Relativity and to Their Required Use in Some Modern Timekeeping Systems

Abstract

This is a largely tutorial lecture on the basic ideas of General Relativity - Einstein's theory of gravity as curved space-time - emphasizing the physical concepts and using only elementary mathematics. Per the slow motions and weak gravitational fields which we experience on the earth, the main curvature is that of time, not space. Recent experiments demonstrating this property (Alley, Cutler, Reisse, Williams, et al, 1975 and Vessot and Levine, 1976) will be briefly reviewed. The extraordinary stability of modern atomic clocks makes it necessary to understand and to include the fundamental effects of motion and gravitational potential on clocks in many practical situations. These include the NAVSTAR/Global Positioning System and time synchronization using ultra stable clocks transported by aircraft. In future system such as global time synchronization using clocks in low earth orbit, the accuracy may be limited by uncertainties in the calculated proper time of the travelling clock, rather than by intrinsic clock performance.

Open PDF

Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Dec 01, 1981
Accession Number
ADA494262

Entities

People

  • C. O. Alley

Organizations

  • University of Maryland

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Air Platforms
  • Space
  • Weapons Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Artificial Satellites
  • Atomic Clocks
  • Clocks
  • Curvature
  • Earth Orbits
  • Frequency
  • General Relativity
  • Geometry
  • Global Positioning Systems
  • Inertial Navigation
  • Inertial Navigation Systems
  • L Band
  • Laser Pulses
  • Mathematics
  • Navigation
  • Research Facilities
  • Space Systems

Readers

  • Plasma Physics / Magnetohydrodynamics
  • Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Technology.
  • Systems Analysis and Design

Technology Areas

  • Space
  • Space - Orbital Debris