Removal of Perchlorate from Water and Wastewater by Catalytic Hydrogen Gas Membrane Systems
Abstract
Year I work explored several methods for the reduction of perchlorate in water by 1) molecular hydrogen gas in the presence of catalysts, 2) elemental (or zero-valent) metals, 3) an indirect electrochemical system, 4) a catalytic mono-membrane, and 5) a catalytic dual-membrane system. More than 150 experiments were conducted to screen the best catalysts using gaseous or atomic hydrogen as the reducing agent. Appendix A summarizes catalysts and catalytic systems studied throughout the project period ending December 2005). Results showed that the extent and the rate of perchlorate reduction varied among the systems studied. Overall, two methods stood out as the most promising processes: the catalytic dual-membrane system and the indirect electrochemical system using a titanium electrode. These two methods were studied further during Year II. For the catalytic dual-membrane system, it was found that perchlorate was removed completely at a rapid to moderately rapid rate. A total of 18 metallic catalysts from the first, second, and third rows of the periodic table were studied. In terms of the gross reaction rate constant, Ti (titanium) and Co (cobalt) from the first row and Sn (tin) from the second row were the most promising, with a rate constant of >9.5 ?M-hr-1. In terms of specific rate constant, i.e., rate constant per mass of catalyst, the following are the most promising catalysts: Sc (scandium) and Cr (chromium) from the first row, Mo (molybdenum) and Cd (cadmium) from the second row, and Pt (platinum) from the third row. The specific rate constant of the above metallic catalysts was >10 microM-hr-1-mg-1 catalyst. In summary, we have discovered that Ti, Sn, Cr, Mo, Cd, and Pt are the most promising metallic catalyst for the reduction of perchlorate in dilute aqueous solutions.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 2007
- Accession Number
- ADA499983
Entities
People
- Chin-pao Huang
- D. M. Wang
- Jingguang Chen
- S. I. Shah