Use of Pauses in Coercion: An Examination in Theory
Abstract
Coercion theory is traditionally segmented into compellence and deterrence. Recently, theorists have begun to consider coercion comprehensively. This monograph continues that line of study and defines coercion as "the threat of, or use of, elements of national power to make an opponent choose to comply with the coercer's wishes." This approach to coercion theory allows the focus to shift to more applicable uses of coercion, such as the use of coercion by a coalition or methods of application. This monograph studies the use of pauses within coercion theory. Pauses are defined as "a temporary halt to offensive operations for the purpose of bringing about conflict termination." Existing theory, while mentioning the existence of a pause, does not discuss the effects the pause may have on the use of coercion. This paper fills that gap. As defined, pauses may be used to allow the target to reconsider his actions, as a temporary reward, or as an ultimatum presented to the target prior to an increase in the level of violence. Whatever the intention, an examination of theory indicates that pauses create negative consequences. First, they delay the defeat of the target by allowing reorganization and increases to the enemy's morale, which will escalate his desire to resist. Second, pauses impact the credibility of the coercer by indicating that he is restrained in his ability to use force. Finally, pauses increase opportunities for the target to use counter-coercion. If the coercer is a coalition, theory indicates that there is a risk that all effects will be magnified. As a consequence of these counterproductive effects, the author urges caution if pauses are used in coercion.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- May 01, 2009
- Accession Number
- ADA506197
Entities
People
- Lisa A. Nemeth
Organizations
- United States Army Command and General Staff College