Critical Evaluation of State-of-the-Art In Situ Thermal Treatment Technologies for DNAPL Source Zone Treatment. State-of-the-Practice Overview
Abstract
In situ thermal technologies have undergone rapid development and application in recent years as they promise the potential of quicker and more thorough treatment of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) source zones. These technologies include electrical resistance heating (ERH), conductive heating/in situ thermal desorption (ISTD), steam-enhanced extraction (SEE), radio frequency heating (RFH), and large-diameter auger (LDA) soil mixing combined with steam/hot air injection. Each involves raising the subsurface temperature to achieve contaminant removal by some combination of the following: a) viscosity reduction to enhance mobility and liquid removal by pumping, b) vapor pressure increase (and in some cases in situ steam generation) to enhance removal by vapor extraction, and c) increased reaction rate (i.e., biodegradation or in situ oxidation) to destroy contaminants in situ. Because of the growing interest and application of in situ thermal remediation technologies, Environmental Security Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) funded the study Critical Evaluation of State-of-the-Art In Situ Thermal Treatment Technologies for DNAPL Source Zone Treatment (ER-0314). This document is one product of that work. It is intended to be a useful tool and primer for program managers considering the use of thermal technologies at their sites. This document is divided into three main sections: * Brief introductions to the most common in situ thermal technologies * Summaries of key information from review of 182 thermal applications conducted from 1988 to 2007, focused on groundwater quality improvement * An appendix containing more in-depth discussion of the state-of-the-practice for ERH, ISTD, steam/hot air injection, and in situ soil mixing combined with steam/hot air injection, authored by technology vendors. References are also included at the end of the main body of the report for those seeking additional knowledge and perspectives on these technologies.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- May 01, 2009
- Accession Number
- ADA520637
Entities
People
- Eric Foote
- Jennifer T. Kingston
- Paul Dahlen
- Paul Johnson
- Shane Williams
Organizations
- Arizona State University