Comparison of Full Scale and Scaled-Model Klotz Tunnel Explosion Test Results
Abstract
Under high loading density, explosion effects in underground storage structures are associated with (1) blast pressure, (2) primary and secondary fragments, (3) chemical hazards, (4) thermal hazards, and (5) ground shocks. Extensive studies have been performed in the past on the hazardous effects of blast pressure, induced thermal and chemical environments, and ground shocks. However, the degree and extent of fragment-induced hazards associated with accidental detonation of explosives stored in rock/soil structures (underground magazines) are still not fully verified. The empirical relationships used are too general and do not account for the site specific characteristics of geologic and engineered systems. The KLOTZ Tunnel explosion test which was conducted in 1988 at China Lake, California, demonstrated how rupturing of the storage magazine cover can create a serious debris hazardous environment. The site specific characteristic data on the geologic and engineered systems for the full scale KLOTZ Tunnel provided a unique opportunity to design a series of scaled model tests and determine the applicability of physical modeling technique (at 1-g) to explosion hazards reduction research. The model test experiments were designed at a prototype-to-model scale of 20:1. This paper provides details of the five scaled model tests conducted, data obtained, and analytical methods developed for analysis of the scaled model tests. The scaled model tunnel explosion test results are compared with those obtained from the full scale test. Emphasis is placed on comparing the maximum hazardous fragment and the quantity-distance (Q-D) ranges, launch angles, and velocities for the prototype and model tests. In conclusion, formulation of the Bakhtar Explosives Safety Criteria, for siting; design; construction; performance assessment; risk analysis; loading density optimization; accident investigation, for underground munitions storage facilities are elaborated upon.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Aug 01, 1996
- Accession Number
- ADA521561
Entities
People
- Joseph Jenus Jr.
- Khosrow Bakhtar