The Analysis of 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic Acid in the Plasma of Smokers and Non-Smokers
Abstract
AKA (2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid) is a promising marker to assess cyanide exposure because of several advantages of AKA analysis over direct determination of cyanide and alternative cyanide biomarkers (Le. stability in biological matrices, consistent recovery. and relatively small endogenous concentrations). Concentrations of AKA in the plasma of smoking and non-smoking human volunteers were analyzed using gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry to establish the feasibility of using AKA as a marker for cyanide exposure. The levels of AKA in plasma of smoking volunteers. 17.2 ng/ml. were found to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of non-smoking volunteers, 11.8 ng/ml. Comparison of AKA concentrations of smokers relative to nonsmokers in both urine and plasma yielded relatively similar results. The concentration ratio of ATCA for smokers versus non-smokers in plasma and urine was compared to similar literature studies of cyanide and thiocyanate, and correlations are discussed. This study supports previous evidence that AKA can be used to determine past cyanide exposure and indicates that further studies should be pursued to validate the use of AKA as a marker of cyanide exposure.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 01, 2009
- Accession Number
- ADA539821
Entities
People
- Brian A Logue
- Gary A. Rockwood
- Michael W. Keebaugh
- Steven I. Baskin
- Wendy K. Maserek
Organizations
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense