Evaporation Rates of Chemical Warfare Agents using 5 CM Wind Tunnels. 5. VX From Sand and Concrete
Abstract
The evaporation of VX from sand and concrete was studied as a function of temperature, drop size and air flow rate. One sand substrate and five carefully controlled concrete compositions were used in this study. For VX on sand and concrete, an equation was determined for each substrate that would allow for the calculation of the evaporation rate given the temperature, drop size, air flow rate and % vapor recovered. In addition, one curve was generated for VX on glass, sand and concrete. The VX evaporation rate data were also compared to evaporation rates of H, HD, (3D and thickened GD on glass, stainless steel, sand and concrete; one regression line with r(exp 2) = 0.90 for the logH)(evaporation rate) was generated by using all of these agent/substrate combinations; the evaporation rates were segregated by agent, but not by substrate. A regression line for the time taken to reach a vapor concentration of 0.003 mg/m(exp 3), which is the Short Term Exposure Limit for sulfur mustard and the Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Limit for VX given the temperature, drop size, air flow rate and substrate, was generated.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Dec 01, 2010
- Accession Number
- ADA540836
Entities
People
- Bruce E. King
- Carol A. Brevett
- Christopher V. Giannaras
- H. D. Durst
- John J. Pence
- Joseph P. Myers
- Kenneth B. Sumpter
- Robert G. Nickol
- Seok H. Hong
Organizations
- Leidos