Mining and Exploitation of Rare Earth Elements in Africa as an Engagement Strategy in US Africa Command
Abstract
Rare earth elements are a key ingredient in high-technology products that are critical to defense, energy and other industries that impact national security and economic viability. The United States enjoyed a monopoly in rare earth mining and exploitation until the late 1990s when China gained monopoly status. They now supply over 95% of rare earth to the world. China's explosive economic growth has put them on a path to consume 100% of all the rare earth they produce in just a few years, leaving nothing for export. Recognition of this fact has led nations all around the world to seek out new sources of rare earth to prevent the loss of these key elements and the disruption in production of end products critical to their interests. This thesis proposes that the United States, through a whole of government approach including United States Africa Command, can achieve several national objectives by assisting African nations in mining and exploitation of rare earth. This assistance can serve to increase the supply of rare earth as well as improve the governance, human development, and economic well-being of African nations through an increase in revenue. There are many risks which must be weighed before embarking in rare earth mining and exploitation as part of a broader engagement strategy. The likelihood of success must be carefully considered to prevent failure of the engagement strategy, thus negatively impacting both the U.S. and the partner nation.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jun 17, 2011
- Accession Number
- ADA545604
Entities
People
- Eugene V. Becker
Organizations
- National Defense University