Coercive Diplomacy: Otto von Bismarck and the Unification of Germany
Abstract
Otto von Bismarck, Prussia's "Iron Chancellor," was arguably the dominant political figure in Europe during the 19th century. With acute political moves, he adroitly manipulated opportunities to achieve European hegemony for Germany and, thus, considerably altered Europe's political scene and balance of power. As the principal architect of German unification, he utilized subtle diplomacy, the formation of alliances, Prussia's formidable army, and a series of calculated -- albeit limited -- wars against his European neighbors to create Germany's second empire. As the archetypical statesman who espoused the power of the state in the international system, Bismarck recognized that a successful foreign policy and national strategy required the conscious integration of force and diplomacy to achieve his overarching goal of German unification. His political leadership thus succeeded because he understood that the use of force was a complement, not an alternative, to diplomacy. This paper examines Bismarck's manipulation of diplomatic and military instruments of national power to achieve his political goal, concluding that the fusion of force and diplomacy was the essence of Bismarck's statesmanship.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Feb 24, 2012
- Accession Number
- ADA561542
Entities
People
- Kenneth R. Kassner
Organizations
- United States Army War College