A Comparison of Ground Level Event e/p and Fe/O Ratios with Associated Solar Flare and CME Characteristics (Postprint)

Abstract

Solar energetic particle (SEP) events reaching rigidities >1 GV are observed at 1 AU as ground-level events (GLEs). They are considered to be extreme cases of gradual SEP events, produced by shocks driven by wide and fast CMEs that are usually associated with long-duration (>1 hour) soft X-ray (SXR) flares. However, some large gradual SEP events, including GLEs, are associated with flares of short-duration (<1 hour) timescales comparable to those of flares seen with impulsive, low-energy SEP events with enhanced charge states, heavy-element abundances, and e/p ratios. The association of some GLEs with short-duration SXR events challenges us to understand the GLE event-to-event variation with SXR durations and whether it truly reflects the nature of the particle acceleration processes or simply the characteristics of the solar regions from which large, fast CMEs arise. We examine statistically the associated flare, active region (AR), and CME characteristics of ~40 GLEs observed since 1976 to determine how the GLE e/p and Fe/O ratios, each measured in two energy ranges, depend on those characteristics. The abundance ratios trend weakly to lower, more coronal, and less scattered values with increasing flare timescales, thermal and nonthermal peak fluxes, and measures of source AR sizes. These results and the wide range of solar longitude connections for GLEs with high abundance ratios argue against a significant role for flare effects in the GLEs. We suggest that GLE SEPs are accelerated predominately in CME-driven shocks and that a coupling of flare size and timescales with CME properties could explain the SEP abundance correlations with flare properties.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Mar 06, 2012
Accession Number
ADA561741

Entities

People

  • A. J. Tylka
  • Edward W. Cliver
  • Stephen W. Kahler
  • W. F. Dietrich

Organizations

  • Air Force Research Laboratory

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Energy and Power Technologies

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Air Force Research Laboratories
  • Cosmic Rays
  • Data Analysis
  • Flux Density
  • Ground Level
  • High Energy
  • Information Science
  • Longitude
  • Military Research
  • Particles
  • Radiation
  • Soft X Rays
  • Solar Flares
  • Space Sciences
  • Spacecraft
  • Statistical Analysis
  • X Rays

Fields of Study

  • Physics

Readers

  • Solar Physics