1,3,6,8-Tetranitrocarbazole (TNC) Synthesis and Optimization
Abstract
The purpose of this program was to optimize the synthesis of 1,3,6,8-tetranitrocarbazole (TNC). This material is used in pyrotechnic formulations. The process begins with the addition of carbazole to 90% nitric acid while maintaining the reactor temperature at 45 deg C. After all the carbazole is added, more nitric acid is introduced to raise its final concentration to 94%. The mixture is then heated to 80 deg C and held for 2 hrs. A 55% nitric acid quench (55%) is added to the mixture and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The product is filtered and washed with 70% nitric acid and water. The yield of crude TNC is 40 to 65%. The TNC purification process involves digesting the TNC in acetone at reflux for 30 to 60 min, followed by quenching the slurry with water. Finally, the TNC solids are filtered, further washed with water, and recovered as a crystal product.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 01, 2013
- Accession Number
- ADA571492
Entities
People
- David W. Price
- Sanjeev K. Singh
Organizations
- United States Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center