Stabilized Laccases as Heterogeneous Bioelectrocatalysts (Postprint)
Abstract
Typically, heterogeneous enzyme catalysis is aimed at sustainability, reusability or enhanced functionality of the biocatalyst and is achieved by immobilizing that enzyme to a support matrix or at a defined interface. Controlled enzyme immobilization is particularly important in bioelectrocatalysis because catalytic activity must be effectively coupled with a transducer in order to harness activity. This review discusses what must be addressed when coupling biocatalysts with a transducer and the toolbox of methods available to achieve this outcome. As illustration, the focus here is the immobilization and stabilization of laccases at the electronics interface. Historically, laccases have been used for the decolorization of dyes and for bio-organic synthesis, but recently have been applied in the fields of sensing and energy harvesting.[1-3] There is ever increasing focus directed towards new energy technologies, for example, in which laccases find application as cathodic catalysts in enzymatic fuel cells. Herein, we discuss the steady advancement over the past 10-15 years in using heterogeneous laccase biocatalysts and demonstrate why laccases continue to be biotechnologically relevant enzymes. The methodologies for immobilization of laccases are described including the use of nanoscale supports and a range of encapsulation and cross-linking chemistries. We consider the application of immobilized laccases to the food industry, pharmaceutical synthesis and environmental applications, specifically where stabilization through heterogenization of the enzyme is critical to the application. We also include a consideration of electrochemical biosensors and the specific incorporation of laccases at transducer surfaces.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 2012
- Accession Number
- ADA582110
Entities
People
- Glenn R. Johnson
- Heather R. Luckarift
- Lorena Betancor
Organizations
- Universal Technology Corporation (United States)