Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for the Interaction between Gold Nanoparticles and Neuroimmune Cells Based on Size, Shape, and Charge
Abstract
Nanoparticles are potential threats to human health and the environment; however, their medical applications as drug carriers targeting cancer cells bring hope to contemporary cancer therapy. As a model drug carrier, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been investigated extensively for in vivo toxicity. The effect of GNPs on the immune system, however, has rarely been examined. Antibody-secreting cells were treated with GNPs with diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm. The GNPs enhanced IgG secretion in a size-dependent manner, with a peak of efficacy at 10 nm. The immune-stimulatory effect reached a maximum at 12 hours after treatment but returned to control levels 24 hours after treatment. This enhancing effect was validated ex vivo using B-cells isolated from mouse spleen. Evidence from RT-PCR and Western blot experiments indicates that GNP-treatment up-regulated B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (blimp1) and down-regulated paired box 5 (pax5). Immunostaining for Blimp1 and Pax5 in B-cells confirmed that the GNPs stimulated IgG secretion through the blimp1/pax5 pathway. The immunization of mice using peptide-conjugated GNPs indicated that the GNPs were capable of enhancing humoral immunity in a size-dependent manner. This effect was consistent with the bio-distribution of the GNPs in mouse spleen. In conclusion, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo evidence supports our hypothesis that GNPs enhance humoral immunity in mouse. The effect on the immune system should be taken into account if nanoparticles are used as carriers for drug delivery. In addition to their toxicity
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 25, 2014
- Accession Number
- ADA599589
Entities
People
- Guewha Huang
Organizations
- National Chiao Tung University