The Genesis of the Soviet Union's Failure During the Soviet-Afghan War: How the Geography of Afghanistan Impacted Soviet Operations in the 1980s
Abstract
The geography of Afghanistan presents some of the most severe terrain and weather on the planet. The Hindu Kush Mountains in the northeast region display peaks above 24,000 feet and the desert regions in the southwest will often carry temperatures well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit During the 1980s, the Soviet's superior equipment, training and technology were severely degraded while engaging the Afghanis in such an austere environment. Although there were political, social and economical factors which caused the Soviets to withdraw in 1989, the catalyst of the Soviet's demise was the extreme environment and topography. This paper attempts to justify this theory by analyzing how the Afghan geography impacted the Soviet's mobility, weapons, logistics, and equipment. The Soviet Army was ultimately defeated by an enemy who knew how to fight in a mountainous environment. The geography not only placed substantial limitations on the Soviet's equipment, but it degraded the performance of their modern equipment as well as challenged their military doctrine. The Mujahideen resistance was firmly grounded on their familiarity and ability to use the rugged terrain.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Mar 22, 2010
- Accession Number
- ADA600142
Entities
People
- Paul C. Teachey
Organizations
- Marine Corps University