Domestic Catastrophes Flow Through Six Distinct Phases: An Analysis of the Los Angeles Riots of 1992 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005
Abstract
A gang-related altercation in 1992 and breeched levees in 2005 sparked two diverse catastrophes bracketing the creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). However, each followed a similar pattern categorized into six distinct phases: Buildup, Chaos, Reaction, Federal Planning, National Response, and Recovery. The first three encompassed events at the local level, and the last three accounted for direct federal actions. Legal and historical precedence originated with the U.S. Constitution, and initial federal involvement during catastrophes was limited. However, it expanded significantly following the Great Depression. The 9/11 terrorist attacks resulted in the establishment of DHS and a new strategic approach to domestic catastrophes. Evaluating the Los Angeles Riots of 1992 and Hurricane Katrina revealed how a combination of stressors culminated in a trigger event, which resulted in chaos and a loss of the Rule of Law. The situation overwhelmed the local response system and initiated a federal response. This federal response included near-term planning, the national response, and recovery efforts. The two catastrophes not only demonstrate the specific phases of a catastrophe, but also suggest improvements for future responses. In addition, they show how national power can be used domestically.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Apr 12, 2010
- Accession Number
- ADA600144
Entities
People
- Jonathan D. Theel
Organizations
- Marine Corps University