A Laparoscopic Swine Model of Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhage persists as the leading cause of potentially preventable civilian and military death. Noncompressible torso hemorrhage (NCTH) is a particularly lethal injury complex, with few contemporary prehospital interventions available. Various porcine models of hemorrhage have been developed for civilian and military trauma research. However, the predominant contemporary models lack key physiologic characteristics including the natural tamponade provided by an intact abdominal wall. To improve physiologic and clinical relevance, we developed a laparoscopic model of NCTH. This approach maintains both the integrity of the peritoneum and the natural tamponade effect of an intact abdominal wall while preserving the intrinsic physiologic responses to hemorrhage. Furthermore, we present data quantifying the contribution of the swine contractile spleen in the context of uncontrolled hemorrhage. METHODS: Anesthetized adult male Yorkshire swine underwent a laparoscopic Grade V liver injury, with or without open preinjury splenectomy. Animals were observed without intervention for a total of 120 minutes after injury to simulate point of injury, transport time, and arrival at hospital. RESULTS: Shed blood to body weight ratio did not differ among groups; however, mortality was higher in splenectomized animals (67% vs. 33%). Cox regression modeling demonstrated a critical time point of 45 minutes and blood pressure as significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: This study describes a model of NCTH that reflects clinically relevant physiology in trauma and uncontrolled hemorrhage. In addition, it quantitatively assesses the role of the swine contractile spleen in the described model.

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Document Details

Document Type
Technical Report
Publication Date
Jan 01, 2014
Accession Number
ADA614871

Entities

People

  • Christopher J. Burns
  • Eileen M. Sagini
  • James D. Ross
  • Jonathan Morrison
  • Lee-ann Zarzabal

Organizations

  • United States Army Institute of Surgical Research

Tags

Communities of Interest

  • Biomedical

DTIC Thesaurus Topics

  • Abdomen
  • Blood
  • Blood Coagulation
  • Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
  • Data Analysis
  • Governments
  • Health Services
  • Hemorrhage
  • Laboratory Animals
  • Medical Personnel
  • Patient Care
  • Statistical Analysis
  • United States Government
  • Wounds And Injuries

Fields of Study

  • Medicine

Readers

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Computational Modeling and Simulation
  • Trauma or Military Medicine