Combined Effects of Ballistics Injury and Blood Loss
Abstract
To study the combined effects of a ballistic injury and hemorrhage, we have used 5 experimental groups : anesthetized (A), anesthetized and ballistic injury (AI), anesthetized and bled (AB), anesthetized, ballistic injury, and bled (AIB), and conscious bled (CB). The model is the splenectomized, 90kg Large White Pig. The hemorrhage volume was 15ml/kg removed over a one hour period. The ballistic injury was given just before the hemorrhage, and only involves the soft tissue of the posterior thigh. The animals were chronically instrumented for the measurement of physiological parameters (heart rate, arterial and central venous pressures, and renal artery and aortic flows), hematology, and biochemistries. The ballistic injury only provoked a significant and lasting drop in CVP in the anesthetized animals. The combination injury and hemorrhage modified the cardiac responses to hemorrhage by favoring the inotropic responses more than chronotropic response that was seen with hemorrhage alone. The classic hemorrhage model does not therefore exactly represent the hemorrhage received in combat which is generally associated with a ballistic injury.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 01, 1993
- Accession Number
- ADB175746
Entities
People
- D. F. Martin
- I. C. Sendowski
- J. J. Muzellec