Remote Sensing of Snow and Ice Using Nimbus-7 SMMR Data over Finland,
Abstract
Nimbus-7 SMMR data at 18 GHz and 37 GHz are applied to studies of snow-covered sea ice and snow-covered terrain in Finland. First the dielectric properties of sea ice, snow, and frozen soils are reviewed. Brightness temperatures are calculated using the radiative transfer model. The theoretical results show that snow-covered sea ice and snow-covered terrain are practically identical systems. The only major difference is the presence of vegetation in the case of terrain. Using horizontally polarized satellite data in five test areas of mixed surface types in Finland, slopes of the change of TB(18 GHz) - TB(37 GHz) vs. water equivalent of dry snow are derived for pure surface types of forests, boglands farm lands and lakes. A new algorithm to mapping the water equivalent of dry snow is suggested. The theoretical model is used to interpret the satellite data on snow-covered sea ice.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jun 01, 1982
- Accession Number
- ADP002056
Entities
People
- M. T. Hallikainen
Organizations
- Helsinki University of Technology