SMART 4D PRINTING WITH INTEGRATED MACHINE LEARNING
Abstract
The 4D printing is primarily based on 3D printing and a branch of additive manufacturing. The fabricated objects are no longer static but can be transformed into complex structures by changing in size, shape, property, and functionality with time under external stimuli. Therefore, microstructures can be deformed according to the pre-designed track under specific time and activation conditions. Despite making the 3D printed objects alive, one of the critical challenges in 4D printing expansion is developing a novel smart material that could be responsive to multi-stimulus to apply as 4D printing. In light of this issue, polylactic acid (PLA) may offer the solution as a promising functional smart material. The soft phase in PLA could be improved with the plasticizer while the presence of natural reinforcement will act as nucleation site. The unique aspect of the proposed project will be on the autonomous process during nanolignin incorporation into PLA in the extrusion stage so that the process will be readily automated. Therefore, this research aims to construct a dynamic PLA/nanolignin smart bio composite using melt extrusion as 4D printable filament for fused deposition modeling (FDM). The PLA will be extruded with the extracted nanolignin in the presence of epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as plasticiser. The effects of nanolignin content and plasticiser will be investigated in terms of micromechanical, hygro-mechanical, thermo-mechanical, 4D recovery and morphological properties of 3D printed biocomposite filament. Machine learning will be used to optimize the fraction loading of nanolignin, EPO and printing parameters in FDM, in order to achieve the best 4D performance. Three data mining algorithms will be used to generate models capable of predicting the 4D response performance such as recovery rate of specimens printed by FDM.
Document Details
- Document Type
- DoD Grant Award
- Publication Date
- Apr 20, 2023
- Source ID
- FA23862214041
Entities
People
- Hazleen Anuar
Organizations
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- International Islamic University Malaysia
- United States Air Force