Pseudo-Continuum Source Volume Isotope Effect Absorption Spectra for Fieldable Measurement of Uranium and Plutonium Enrichment
Abstract
The ratio of the isotopes of heavy elements is a crucial parameter for the construction of nuclear weapons. Enriching uranium is complicated, requiring significant technical knowledge, engineering, and equipment. Proper inspection of nuclear enrichment sites to detect illicit enrichment activity requires measurement of the isotope ratios in materials found at the site. Current laboratory techniques for measuring isotope ratios do not allow adaptive investigation at WMD sites, as they require weeks to return the analyses produced by mass spectrometric or nuclear decay measurement methods. Atomic spectroscopy via atomic absorption of laser light in a laser-created plasma, on the other hand, has the potential for rapid onsite determination of isotope ratios in micron-sized samples containing uranium or plutonium. This will allow inspectors to adapt their search in real time based on measurements made onsite. This research will develop a new, portable method for measuring isotope ratios. First, a pulsed laser will create a laser-induced plasma spark on the surface of the sample to be measured. A second laser will pass through this plasma. The atoms of the different isotopes in the plasma will absorb light from the second laser pulse. The unabsorbed light will be measured after the pulse passes through the plasma. Each isotope absorbs a slightly different color. The amount and color of light absorbed by the spark will be used to calculate the ratio of heavier to lighter isotopes in the sample, and thus, its suitability for nuclear weapons. While the primary purpose of this research is to provide an improved method for detecting illicit nuclear activities, it will have other benefits. For instance, the technique can be used to improve understanding of plasma-based methods of elemental analysis. This may allow the Mars rover to make better measurements and improve our understanding of Mars’ geologic history. The technique may also allow a better understanding of wear in rocket engines and certain industrial processes.
Document Details
- Document Type
- DoD Grant Award
- Publication Date
- May 26, 2016
- Source ID
- HDTRA11610003
Entities
People
- Jonathan Merten
Organizations
- Arkansas State University
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency