Identifying Anthrax Hotspots and Associated Ecological Factors in Kenya
Abstract
In Kenya and sub-Saharan Africa, anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria, is a neglected disease that causes outbreaks in certain ecological regions; these events, primarily triggered by weather extremes, can cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans, livestock, and wildlife. The goal of this project is to identify anthrax hotspots and associated ecological factors predicting outbreaks and exposure risk in Kenya in order to inform measures to reduce the biological threat posed by persistence of this pathogen. To achieve this, we will conduct a retrospective review of animal and human disease records, followed by a serosurvey in dogs and humans in all geographical zones in the country, to create a database of known anthrax cases and current seroprevalence rates. Second, data from the Kenya Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Indicator Survey will be added to this database to develop a risk map. Third, ecological niche modeling on the identified high-risk areas will be carried out at distinct spatial scales in order to identify the temporal and environmental signals associated with persistence of B. anthracis. The project will also train human and animal health professionals on safe handling of anthrax specimens in order to minimize environmental contamination and disease outbreak. Overall, the project will contribute to objectives of countering weapons of mass destruction by defining risk factors for persistence of B. anthracis spores, a pathogen of security concern, and by developing a risk map to support early detection and response as well as targeted prevention and control measures.
Document Details
- Document Type
- DoD Grant Award
- Publication Date
- Oct 10, 2018
- Source ID
- HDTRA11710043
Entities
People
- M Kariuki Njenga
Organizations
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency
- Washington State University