Phytochemicals as Active Ingredients in Antifouling Formulations.
Abstract
Biofilm formation (fouling) affects surfaces, where bacteria and water are present, such asboats, ships, platforms. Bacteria precip itation on surface, and radical polymerization of itsmetabolites are two major factors in biofilm formation. Biofilm causes million s of dollars ofdamage every year, as well as a major environmental impact. TBT (tributyltin) and other biocidesin antifouling paint s are currently banned in many countries including the US, due to their high toxicity. Alternative solutions are focused on highly h ydrophobic protective surfaces that do offer an effective solution, yet have difficulties with scaling up, and overall high cost. It -toxic metabolites on their surface, whereas many others, e.g. oysters,do. Some crops and herbs contain phytochemicals with similar properties. This project will study antifouling effect of plants and herbs with high content of antioxidants (radical scavengers) a nd essential oils (antibacterial), encapsulated into different types of polymers. Goals of this projects are: (1) Characterize conte nt of antioxidants and essential oils for polar and non-polar extracts of specialty crops, berries, medicinal herbs and algae; (2) D evelop procedures for encapsulation of extracts into polymers, including those with slow release capabilities; (3) Develop the proce durefor sample preparation and antifouling tests ; (4) Evaluate how types and concentrations of extracts, types of polymers, water type, surface, and other inputs influence the quality and properties of protecting formulation; and (5) Investigate how bacteria, i nvolved in biofilm formation, respond to extracts of plants. We anticipate to evaluate at least 15 different species of super-fruits , berries, and algae, several types of polar and non-polar solvents, along with traditional and biodegradable polymers, to determine which formulations are most effective. As well, we will evaluate how waters samples from different locations in Assawoman and Chesa peake bays, localrivers and ponds influence the biofilm formation process, types of bacteria, and intensity of growth.This project used by biofilm formation) control. As well,innovative naval materials (coatings) with natural extracts incapsulated into polyme ill be developed. Fouling causes the submerged surface to lose its smoothness resulting in friction increase, which leads to loss of speed and reduction to a vessels efficiency. For the US Navy, this presents not only economical, but also tactical loss. Fouling a lso contributes to ecological changes,causing fish mortality and water blooming. This project will directly support two graduate an d two undergraduate researchers majoring in natural sciences, - all coming from underrepresented minorities in STEM. Additional stud ents, supported by other programs and/or taking research courses toward their degrees, will be involvedin the project. Students wil l participate in a interdisciplinary research program with real-lifeimplications. Each graduate student will make a team with one o f more undergraduate students.First team will focus on characterization of plant extracts and preparing antifouling formulations,whe reas the second team will deal with testing, surface analysis, and evaluation of different types of water.The project will broaden the dissemination of results and educational sources throughpresentations, lectures, and publications prepared by students and PI. The results will be introduced in chemistry courses at UMES to serve as illustration of environmental and chemical concepts.This pr oject will enhance interdisciplinary collaborations established between the science departments within and outside UMES.
Document Details
- Document Type
- DoD Grant Award
- Publication Date
- Aug 20, 2021
- Source ID
- N000142112756
Entities
People
- Victoria Volkis
Organizations
- Office of Naval Research
- United States Navy
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore