Episodic and Semantic Memory Effects on Leadership Measurement and Prediction of Leadership Outcomes (Leader Development and Leadership Assessment)
Abstract
The measurement of leadership is integral to the understanding of leadership processes and leader development. However, predominate approaches rely on retrospective subordinate reports to measure leader behavior, which overlooks rater memory processes as well as other rater effects that may bias leadership ratings. Our research program builds on theory grounded in cognitive psychology to address this deficiency by investigating ways to improve measurement that focus on rater memory processes as they influence memory for, and ratings of, leadership. Scientific Objectives. We propose a series of four studies that center on the following objectives a) further advance the understanding of rater memory systems; b) develop a theory of measurement that incorporates the rater into the process; c) develop recommendations and strategies to improve the accuracy of leadership measurement; and d) develop a prototype leadership scale based on our theory of measurement. Methods to be Employed. The research approach is a combination of survey methods and experimental design. We will evaluate the memory basis of each item in five commonly used leadership scales using a large sample of working adults. When rating each leader behavior, we will ask participants to decide if they based their rating on a specific memory or a general impression. If participants could recall a specific event, they responded with a ÒrememberÓ judgment. A remember response indicated episodic memory. If the rating recalled a general feeling or impression of their leader, they responded with a ÒknowÓ judgment. A know response indicated semantic memory. Once we identify which leadership items cue episodic memory, we will examine the linguistic qualities of those items. Then, we will validate our findings in a second sample of working adults. Finally, we will use an experimental design to test those factors we find most related to cueing episodic memory do influence the accuracy of leadership judgements. Significance of the Proposed Effort to the Advancement of Knowledge. This research examines an issue of long-standing concern. The issue is how to reduce the impact of general impressions on behavior measurement. The memory processes used by subordinates when making leadership ratings is a critical part to the rating process. Ultimately, this research program will aid the US ArmyÕs leadership development mission by improving the assessment of leadership behavior.
Document Details
- Document Type
- DoD Grant Award
- Publication Date
- Apr 08, 2019
- Source ID
- W911NF1810049
Entities
People
- Roseanne Foti
Organizations
- Army Contracting Command
- United States Army
- Virginia Tech