CHEMICAL/BIOLOGICAL DEFENSE (ACD&P)
Abstract
Operational forces have an immediate need to survive, safely operate, and sustain operations in a Chemical and Biological (CB) threat environment across the continuum of global, contingency, special operations/low intensity conflict, counternarcotics, and other high-risk missions. This program element supports the Advanced Component Development and Prototypes (ACD&P) of medical and non-medical CB defensive equipment and materiel. Congress directed centralized management of Department of Defense (DoD) medical and non-medical CB Defense initiatives. DoD missions for civil support operations have recently expanded and have resulted in providing focus to develop technologies to support CB counterterrorism initiatives. ADC&P is conducted for an array of chemical, biological, and toxin detection and warning systems providing early warning, collector concentrators, generic detection, improved reagents, and decontamination systems using solutions that will remove and/or detoxify contaminated materiel without damaging combat equipment, personnel, or the environment. CB sensors and diagnostics enhance the Departments environmental and medical surveillance efforts by improving the monitoring and surveillance of threats and forces preparing for and engaged in military operations. These efforts are required to enable military commanders and the Military Health System to prevent, treat, and mitigate threats to individual Service Members and military units. Integration of CB sensor and diagnostic data from the programs in this ACD&P will also be usable within the homeland security and Federal public health common operating pictures. The Department of Defense is responsible for research, development, acquisition, and deployment of medical countermeasures to prevent or mitigate the health effects of CB threats to the Armed Forces and directs strategic planning for and oversight of programs to support medical countermeasures development and acquisition for our Armed Forces personnel. The CB medical threat to the Armed Forces, in contrast with public health threats to U.S. citizens, encompasses all potential or continuing enemy actions that can render a Service Member combat ineffective. CB medical threats, because they apply as a whole to military units deployed on a specific mission and/or operations, may result in the unit being unable to complete its mission. CB medical countermeasures developed by DoD, unlike those developed to support U.S. population, must support military commanders practical operational requirements and deployment strategies and must emphasizes prevention of injury and illness and protection of the force. Preventive measures in this ACD&P, such as vaccines against the most likely biological threat agents and traditional / non-traditional chemical agent prophylaxis, conserves fighting strength, decreases the logistics burden by reducing the need for larger deployed hospital footprint and greater demand for tactical and strategic medical evacuation, and satisfies the need for greater flexibility in military planning and operations. When vaccines and other prophylactic medical countermeasures are not available, efforts on this ACD&P support pre-hospitalization treatment, en-route care, hospital care, and long-term clinical outcomes. Specific items in this category include improvements to CB diagnostics and therapeutics to mitigate the consequences of chemical and biologic agents and exposure to ionizing radiation due to nuclear or radiological attacks. DoD is the only Federal activity conducting ACD&P on these prophylactic, diagnostic, and therapeutic CB medical countermeasures. The Department of Defense coordinates its efforts with the Departments of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to promote synergy and minimize redundancy. The Department of Defense ensures coordination by participating in the Public Health Emergency Medical Countermeasures Enterprise interagency strategic planning process ("One Portfolio"). The DoD's longstanding experience and success in CB medical countermeasure research, development, acquisition, and deployment not only ensures protection of the Armed Forces, it also accelerates and improves the overall national efforts in CB medical countermeasure research, development, and acquisition because of its unique facilities, testing capabilities, and trained and experienced personnel. ACD&P also supports the development of updated test capabilities to evaluate Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear (CBRN) Defense systems. The projects in this program element support efforts in the technology development phase of the acquisition cycle and are therefore correctly placed in Budget Activity 4.
Document Details
- Document Type
- R2 Budgetary Justification
- Publication Date
- Oct 01, 2019
- Source ID
- 0603884BP_4_0400_PB_2019
- Change Summary Explanation
- Funding: FY17 (-$0.686M): Funding reprogrammed to BA5 to support critical program efforts in that BA. FY17 (-$2.819M): Transfer of funding to support Small Business Innovative Research/Small Business Technology Transfer efforts. FY19 (+$26.155M): Adjustments to continue advanced development efforts seeking FDA approval for MCMs against priority biological threats from Plague, Botulinum, and Filoviruses. Continue efforts to develop diagnostics for unmet biological threats, chemical and radiological exposures, and to provide capability to lower echelons of care. Schedule: N/A Technical: N/A
- Service Agency Name
- Chemical and Biological Defense Program
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