BMD C2BMC

Abstract

The mission of the Missile Defense Agency continues to be one of developing and fielding an integrated, layered Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) to defend the United States, our deployed forces, allies, and friends against all ranges of enemy ballistic missiles in all phases of flight. Potential adversaries are increasing Short-Range Ballistic Missile (SRBM), Medium-Range Ballistic Missile (MRBM), Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM), and Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) inventories, even as they are developing more advanced and capable systems. Current trends indicate that adversary ballistic missile systems, with the integration of advanced liquid- or solid-propellant propulsion technologies, are becoming more mobile, survivable, reliable, accurate and capable of flying longer distances. To protect the United States, our deployed forces, and other critical assets from this growing threat requires a synchronized, layered defense. The Ballistic Missile Defense Command and Control, Battle Management, and Communications (C2BMC) Program establishes the System by linking together the external sensors and weapons of independent Elements into a layered missile defense system such that the whole is far more capable and robust than the sum of its parts -- thus increasing the footprint of the BMDS with greater performance and defensive coverage. The C2BMC enables the BMDS to manage complex threats -- near simultaneous enemy missile shots aimed at theater, regional, or homeland assets. The systems linked through C2BMC include Phased Array Tracking Radar Intercept on Target (PATRIOT), Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), Aegis Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), Ground Based Midcourse Defense (GMD); and sensors such as the Army/Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance-2 (AN/TPY-2) radar, Sea-Based X-Band Radar (SBX), Space-Based Infrared System (SBIRS), and BMDS Overhead Persistent Infra-Red (OPIR) Architecture (BOA). The best way to dissuade, deter, and defeat ballistic missile threats is through integrated ballistic missile defense capabilities: weapons; sensors; and command and control, battle management, and communications. A potential or actual attack may cross regions and may fly higher and faster than stand-alone, autonomous capabilities operated by a single Military Service can defend against. Integrated BMD capabilities draw on space-, land-, and sea-based assets operated by multiple Services to provide the best sensor information about the enemy missiles location and track, and a more diverse and effective set of weapon options to be used by the Combatant Commander to defeat the attack; with all connected by a unifying C2BMC system. As a result, an effort funded in a Program Element may be critical to the success of efforts in other Program Elements. These connections are referred to as interdependencies. The C2BMC Program provides: 1) the communications links and connectivity between BMDS Elements, 2) a battle management function that allows a shoot/look/shoot approach which maximizes BMDS effectiveness, while minimizing the number of weapons expended (it is important to note that C2BMC provides a battle management function; it does not have a fire control system), 3) control of the BMDS radars, taking data from multiple sensors tracking the same threat, and correlating it into one optimal track - that has sufficient Quality of Service (QoS) for BMDS Element`s fire control, 4) real-time awareness of the battle as it unfolds to include interoperability with North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and 5) advanced battle planning capability which enables warfighters to place BMDS assets in ideal locations in anticipation of an upcoming battle. The C2BMC Program has integrated six BMDS Elements (GMD, Aegis BMD, THAAD, SBIRS, Sensors, and PATRIOT) and Coalition Partners; is in 31 locations with 12 customers in 17 time zones; has deployed over 800 pieces of equipment and Satellite Communications (SATCOM) using three frequency bands; has stood up over 70 crew positions; trains over 700 operators, maintenance personnel, and testers per year; and is supported by over 48,000 miles of Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) communication lines. MDA has a set of Unifying Missile Defense Functions (UMDFs), which increase the effectiveness of the BMD System (including probability of engagement success, increase in defended area and raid size capacity, additional redundancy of architecture, and unity of command) through the integration of MDA developed capabilities. These UMDF efforts are: Sensor Registration (reporting of sensor errors/biases); Correlation (ensuring the information from multiple sensors seeing a threat relates to the same object); System Track (provide a single engageable track of a threat, that has sufficient Quality of Service (QoS) -that is, sufficient data accuracy and low enough latency- for BMDS Element`s fire control, to be able to complete ballistic missile engagements, using multiple reports provided by different land, sea, and space based multiple sensors); Discrimination (identifying object details to determine the target from debris or decoys); Battle Management (combining the best sensors and shooters to ensure the highest probability of a kill); Hit/Kill Assessment (determining if the target selected was destroyed after missile impact); and Communications (providing the worldwide connection of sensors and shooters to command authorities). UMDFs are implemented across the BMDS Elements to create and utilize system level data and decisions that allow Combatant Commanders the ability to automatically and manually optimize sensor coverage and interceptor inventory to defend against all ranges of ballistic threats. Each of these UMDFs is led by a single BMDS Element, with participation from the others, to ensure products do not duplicate work. C2BMC is at the heart of these UMDFs and enables integrated system performance of all BMDS Elements. It collects the information from all BMDS sensors, understands and considers all data errors/bias, correlates data between sensors, uses specific sensor discriminated data and fuses it between sensors, creates an engageable system track that has sufficient Quality of Service (QoS) for BMDS Element`s fire control, identifies the best pairing of sensor to shooter for optimal intercept, and quickly communicates information and direction to BMDS Elements and command elements world-wide. As a result, C2BMC leads the Correlation, System Track, Battle Management, and Communications UMDF teams. The C2BMC Program provides quality, safety, and mission assurance operations to ensure compliance with Agency requirements for design, test, manufacturing, quality, safety, and reliability. The BMD Digital Simulations Architecture (DSA) is the primary Modeling and Simulation (M&S) System framework used to integrate Element baselines prior to flight or ground testing, facilitate technical trade-offs, concept analysis and trade studies, as well as providing support to Wargames and exercises within the BMDS Program. The DSA-performance architecture with the C2BMC Model (BCM) supports Performance Assessment (PA) events, which provide critical system level performance data relative to all elements, system engineers, M&S developers, the Operational Test Agency (OTA) and Warfighters. The DSA-virtual architecture supports C2BMC and other BMDS Element baseline integration, training, and portions of ground testing and exercises. The BMD Single Stimulation Framework (SSF) utilizes Hardware-in-the-Loop (HWIL) assets to primarily support BMDS ground testing, pre and post flight test mission construction and reconstruction, and portions of the training capability, Wargames, exercises and BMDS contingency studies, as well as various other use cases to enable BMDS performance in a simulated environment. The C2BMC Program supports the M&S Program by providing HWIL representation ready for integration into the BMDS system-level framework to support full-envelope BMDS ground test, flight test, and training events based upon Agency and Warfighter needs. C2BMC provides the capabilities for leaders at multiple levels of command to see, assess, and react to ballistic missile threats. C2BMC capabilities are provided through four capability areas: BMD Planner, Situational Awareness, Global Engagement Manager (GEM), and BMD Communications Network. BMD Planner: The Planner provides warfighters the capability to explore the effectiveness of various defensive designs in order to plan the most effective defense by optimizing the location and mix/pairing of sensors and interceptors. The Planner is flexible enough to allow the warfighter to function in the three modes of activity: Deliberate Planning (24-36 months before a battle), Crisis Action Planning (hours or days before an attack, based on updated information), and Dynamic Planning (near real-time agility for changing situations). System models used in the Planner today include the GMD system, used to defend the U.S.; and the AN/TPY-2 radar, Aegis BMD, PATRIOT, and THAAD systems used to defend against theater missile attacks. Situational Awareness: This capability is used to turn detailed data into usable information that commanders can act on in the event of a missile defense threat. Situational Awareness information is provided by the Combatant Commands` - Command and Control (COCOM C2) screens (displays and decision aids). Situational Awareness display emphasizes a common ballistic missile picture and summary screens used at the Presidential level down to the operational level of command. The systems available today include an interface with the Ground Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) missile fire control system, Aegis BMD and PATRIOT via Link 16, sensor management control of the AN/TPY-2 radar, and a direct data connection to SBIRS information. Global Engagement Manager (GEM): The GEM provides the first true BMDS battle management capability through C2BMC. GEM provides the foundation for various BMD Elements and external sensors and interceptors to work synergistically for optimal performance. The GEM will provide enhanced sensor management control of world-wide X-band radars, assign a specific sensor to track a specific threat, calculate the most likely track of an incoming missile, and then recommend the most effective weapon to target pairing, maximizing probability of hit/kill. BMD Communications Network: The BMD Communications Network ties together sensors (both BMDS radars and space sensors) and weapons systems via the Combatant Commands Command and Control screens and GEM, thereby enabling the National Command Authority and the commanders at the strategic, theater and tactical levels to optimally engage ballistic missile threats at any range, in any phase of flight, at any time including near simultaneous theater, regional and homeland attacks. The BMD Communications Network builds on existing and new global grid data and communications networks to provide a robust, end-to-end, high availability, operational communications network (COMNET) infrastructure that quickly and unambiguously shares information across the global BMDS. This sharing of information is performed securely with special emphasis on preventing cyber attack via a BMDS Network Operations and Security Center (BNOSC). Effective networking management and operations relies on the ability to manage, coordinate, and integrate a wide variety of equipment platforms, interfaces with other DoD communications systems, existing/evolving information standards and capabilities, and adherence to DoD Information Assurance Certification and Accreditation Process (DIACAP). Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) services are also highly leveraged in providing world-wide communications. The C2BMC Program employs a robust incremental development program to deliver enhanced and new capabilities to the warfighter. Each incremental delivery (identified using the generic nomenclature of Spiral x.# (e.g., Spiral 6.4) includes the software, hardware, and network connectivity needed to operate the BMDS. The C2BMC Program includes support for and analysis of BMDS-level wargames and tests with fielded capabilities. The average timeframe to develop, test, and field the next increment of capability is 24-36 months with new capability fielded every two years on average. Therefore multiple capability increments are in staggered stages of development at any time. The key test event for development is start of Cycle 2, Simulation-Based Verification, when software completes internal C2BMC development and begins testing with other BMDS Elements. Completion of Cycle 5, Site Activation Testing, coupled with successful participation in BMDS ground test campaigns, signals delivery of fully functioning operational software. The C2BMC Program provides the program office personnel to manage the BMDS Concurrent Test Training and Operations (CTTO) activities. CTTO is responsible for providing warfighters the means to train using high-fidelity simulations of realistic scenarios while using operational (deployed) equipment and networks. The key is to safely separate training events from real-world operations (i.e., allowing the warfighter to train on the same equipment they will use in a real battle). The C2BMC Program provides the program office personnel to manage the development and implementation of Distributed Multi-Echelon Training System (DMETS), a capability which enables warfighters to train where they fight by generating realistic, interactive, threat scenarios that address all phases of the kill chain and varied sensor/shooter combinations. The system allows for scalable training of the BMDS using a parallel architecture either physically or logically separated from the operational one. To expand capability to defend allies & deployed forces from short- to medium-range threats in one region/theater the C2BMC Program will: Expand BMD Communications Network Enhanced deliberative/crisis action planning Enhanced situational awareness to perform command and control at Combatant Commands (COCOMs) and the National Military Command Center (NMCC) Initial fielding of the Global Engagement Manager (GEM) capability at the Kenney Air Operations Center (Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii) Improved system reliability and availability to support test and operations Updated C2BMC model (BCM) a key component of the BMD Distributed Simulation Architecture, continuously validated by Critical Engagement Conditions (CECs) for system-level performance assessments to verify models and simulations Development of Unifying Missile Defense Functions (UMDF) capabilities To expand defense of the United States to include limited Iranian long-range and theater threats, C2BMC goals are to deliver: Expand BMD Communications Network BMD Planner and Situational Awareness capability that fully incorporates intelligence information Initial interfaces between weapons and sensors compatible with DoD network-centric service-oriented architecture Northern Command (NORTHCOM) and European Command (EUCOM) expansion of Global Engagement Manager (GEM) coordination Updated C2BMC model (BCM) a key component of the BMD Distributed Simulation Architecture, continuously validated by Critical Engagement Conditions (CECs) and Empirical Measurement Events (EMEs)** for system-level performance assessments to verify models and simulations Development of Unifying Missile Defense Functions (UMDF) capabilities **CEC/EMEs are the conditions and events where data is obtained from flight and ground tests in order to anchor system models and simulations. The Phased Adaptive Approach (PAA) was developed in response to the rapid proliferation of short and medium range ballistic missiles in Iran and the threat they pose to U.S. Allies and partners, as well as to U.S. deployed personnel and their accompanying families in the Middle East and in Europe. By leveraging recent advances in sensor and interceptor technologies, the United States will aggressively counter this growing regional threat with a more powerful and agile system. The United States is pursuing a four phased approach with will provide a more effective missile defense capability for defense of NATO territories and enhance U.S. homeland defense, it will be complementary of and interoperable with those being developed by NATO, be applicable in our theaters around the world, and will be more adaptable and flexible in order to counter threat advances and provide increased defended areas over time. The initial phase includes the deployment of current and proven missile defense, including the sea-based Aegis Weapons System, the SM-3 interceptor (Block IA), and sensors such as the forward-based Army Navy/Transportable Radar Surveillance system (AN/TPY-2). Subsequent phases will be implemented based on technical maturity, appropriate testing, and threat driven requirements. Sustainment Sustain worldwide C2BMC operational capability 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year-- on site personnel supporting 31 locations, across 17 time zones, and over 800 pieces of equipment. Additional sites are planned to be added in FY 2010 including the Navy Maritime Operating Center in Bahrain. The 31 locations supported are: U.S. Forces Korea (USFK); U.S. Forces Japan (USFJ); Shariki; Pacific Command (PACOM) at Camp Smith; Air Operations Center (AOC) at Hickam Air Force Base (AFB); Defense Information Systems Agency Defense Enterprising Computing Center (DISA DECC) Pacific; U.S. Pacific Fleet (PACFLT); Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF); Fort Greely, Alaska (FGA); Alaska Command (ALCOM); Vandenberg AFB; 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command (AAMDC); Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station (CMAFS); Peterson AFB; Missile Defense Integration and Operations Center (MDIOC) at Shriever AFB; Huntsville, AL (Von Braun II); Central Command (CENTCOM), Tampa, FL; South Carolina National Guard (SCNG); Pentagon; White House; MDA; Missile Defense National Team (MDNT); Navy Europe (NAVEUR); Israel; Stuttgart; Ramstein Air Base (AB); Patch and Rhine Ord Barracks; and the United Kingdom (4 sites) Provide 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year help desk (Control Center at the MDIOC) for real-time issue resolution Develop curriculum and provide C2BMC operator, maintenance personnel, and tester training on C2BMC equipment and capabilities (approximately 700 people per year) Lease communication lines via Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) for global BMD Network Communications Capability Development Assess feasibility and establish requirements for beyond line of sight launch-on / engage-on network capability

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Document Type: R2 Budgetary Justification
Publication Date: Oct 01, 2011
Source ID: 0603896C_4_0400_PB_2011
Change Summary Explanation: FY 2009 decrease of $13.113 million reflects SBIR/STTR Transfers and MDA adjustments FY 2010 decrease of $5.280 million reflects Congressional directed reductions No FY 2011 data provided in PB10.
Service Agency Name: Missile Defense Agency

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BMD C2BMC

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