QRCC

Abstract

The Ship Self Defense System (SSDS) is the core combat system control element for the Quick Reaction Combat Capability (QRCC) in aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships. SSDS integrates a diverse set of fire control loop sensors and weapons, and C4I systems for each ship class (CVN68/78, LHA6, LHD1, LPD17, and LSD41/49). SSDS MK2 provides the capabilities for integrated air and missile defense, multi-warfare situational awareness, combat direction, and joint interoperability via the Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) and Tactical Digital Information Link (TADIL)-J (Link 16). SSDS MK2 is being fielded with the new construction carriers (CVN78 class) and amphibious ships (LHA6, LPD17 classes). SSDS MK2 is replacing the Advanced Combat Direction System (ACDS) in the LHD1 class and SSDS MK1 in the LSD 41/49 class as fleet modernization initiatives. In addition, with the decision to replace the Dual Band Radar (DBR) for CVN 80 and L-Class Ships (LHA 8) with an Enterprise Surveillance Suite (ESS) consisting of a new radar (Enterprise Air Search Radar (EASR) and X-Band Illuminator, SSDS will require development of system and software changes. SSDS MK2 integrates new combat system war-fighting capabilities and improvements on phased basis via ACB, TI, the Fire Control Loop Improvement Project (FCLIP), Far-Term Interoperability Improvement Project (FTIIP), and the Task Force Cyber Awakening (TFCA) Boundary Defense Capability (BDC) project, and as a result of the development requirements imposed by integration of a DBR replacement radar onboard CVN 80 and L-Class (LHA). FCLIP is planned as a phased corrective action plan for system-of-systems deficiencies in SSDS MK2 ships, identified during live-fire testing with stressing anti-ship missile targets. FCLIP Phase 2 is a multi-year development effort (FY16-FY18) that includes: RAM Block 2 Multi-Target processing in the missile; NSSMS MK9 Multi-Target Discrimination & Reporting; ESSM 2T Uplink; Systems engineering to determine the concepts of integration for CEC Engage on Remote Capability and CIWS Integration with SSDS MK2 and CEC and modeling and analysis to ensure optimization and alignment of capabilities into the ICS end-to-end fire control loop. FTIIP is the second phase of the corrective action plan for the resolution of the strike group interoperability issues. FTIIP includes implementation of Tactical Data Link (TDL) IFF mode 5/S identification capabilities and F/A-18 Digital Air Control. TFCA BDC will provide Combat Systems-level and element-level cyber-security protection based on system of systems risk assessment. TFCA BDC is a multi-year development (FY16-FY18) to define, develop, and integrate enterprise Combat System cyber-security solutions. These solutions will provide a set of boundary defense capabilities for the SSDS MK2 ICS, a set of centralized Combat Systems-level cyber-security capabilities, and a set of element-level cyber-security protections. The boundary defense capabilities will protect and detect threats entering and leaving the Combat System. The centralized Combat System-level cyber-security capabilities will provide cyber situational awareness and management of various (e.g. malware detection, file integrity verification, etc.) cyber-security protection and detection capabilities. Element-level cyber-security protections will provide additional measures to ensure system integrity. Development of enterprise Combat System risk management processes will occur, to include a system of systems risk assessment methodology to support Combat System execution of the Risk Management Framework. New hardware TI baselines are required every four years to refresh the Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) assemblies to sustain system production and to support the incorporation of new ACB capabilities. Each individual ship is planned for a TI upgrade on an eight year interval to replace obsolescent COTS hardware and support the fielding of the war-fighting capabilities and improvements. The QRCC project implements an evolutionary acquisition of improved ship self-defense capabilities against Anti-Ship Cruise Missiles (ASCMs) for selected ships. The SSDS is the integrating element of QRCC. The design integrates several existing stand-alone Anti-Air Warfare (AAW) systems that do not individually provide the complete detection, control, and engagement capabilities needed against low flying, high speed ASCMs with low radar cross sections. The SSDS integration concept fulfills the need for an automated detection, quick reaction and multi-target engagement capability emphasizing performance in the littoral environment. SSDS replaces manual control of several self-defense systems with a single integrated capability under the computer-aided control of ship operators. System design emphasizes use of non-developmental items, commercial standards, commercial processors, computer program reuse and open system architecture. SSDS is a physically distributed, open system architecture computer network consisting of commercially available or previously developed hardware. It includes the Navy's standard computers (Common Processor System) and displays (AN/UYQ-70 and Common Display System) and command table for human-system interface, commercially based network switching and interface units, and commercially available fiber optic cabling. SSDS MK1 integrates the SPS-49A(V)1 radar, SPS-67(V)1 radar, AN/SLQ-32A/B electronic warfare system, Combat Identification Friend or Foe-Self Defense (CIFF-SD), Rolling Airframe Missile (RAM) and Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS) and is installed on LSD41/49 class ships. SSDS MK1 successfully completed Operational Evaluation in June 1997. SSDS received Milestone III Approval for Full Rate Production (Mar 98) and authority to integrate with ACDS and Cooperative Engagement Capability (CEC) on CVN, LPD-17, LHD and LHA ship classes. SSDS MK2 facilitates the incremental evolution and implementation of follow-on modifications. Development of SSDS MK2 leveraged critical experiments and re-use of technology and software from SSDS MK1. SSDS MK2 integrates other ship self-defense elements, such as AN/SPQ-9B radar, NATO Sea-sparrow system, CEC and Tactical Data Links for joint interoperability. SSDS MK2 provides enhanced capabilities for Self-Defense against air and surface threats using both ownship and remote data to address AAW Capstone requirements. SSDS MK2 becomes the integrated, coherent real time Command and Control System for Aircraft Carriers and Amphibious ships. It will increase operational capabilities; improve combat readiness and Strike Group/Expeditionary Strike Group Interoperability; and promote standardization. It introduces new shipboard tactical displays and support equipment via Technology Insertion and warfighting capability improvements via Advanced Capability Builds (ACB). ACBs integrate advanced systems such as Dual Band Radar (DBR), Evolved Sea-Sparrow Missile (ESSM), RAM Block 2 missile, SLQ-32 SEWIP Block 2 and MH-60R Helicopter to implement the warfighting capability improvements and Total Ship Training Capability (TSTC) improvements. In order to meet the Navy's warfighting capabilities and modernization concepts described in SEA POWER 21, Navy Open Architecture (OA) is being introduced in conjunction with SSDS Commercial off the Shelf (COTS) Technology Refresh initiatives. This is the first step in unifying a set of war fighting functions into a common architecture shared among many ship classes. This principle of commonality is a major mechanism for cost control and avoidances in the Navy's future war fighting systems. Starting in 2008, SSDS MK 2 re-hosted existing tactical computer program applications into the Open Architecture Computing Environment (OACE) specifications with equipment suites concurrent with COTS Technology Insertion (TI) cycles, prior to migration and integration with other Navy OA applications for implementation on future new construction ships or during future ship modernization. TI cycles and equipment technology refreshes are driven by COTS obsolescence. In FY09, system development was initiated for SSDS MK1 technology refresh for the LSD 41/49 class ships. The effort will transition these ships to an SSDS MK OACE and SSDS MK 2 single source library. The new system designation is SSDS MK2 Mod 5C. The system development effort encompasses TI of new OA computing and display equipment (Common Processor System (CPS) and Common Display System (CDS)), modifications and additions to the SSDS MK 2 software for an upgraded interface with the Phalanx Closed-In-Weapon System (CIWS) Block 1B Baseline 2 and Battle Force Tactical Trainer (BFTT), and other unique LSD SSDS interfaces and functionality. The first LSD SSDS MK 2 Mod 5C was installed in LSD-50 in FY14 after land-based Combat System Integration and Certification Testing with an IOC in FY15. In FY10, SSDS MK 2 system development commenced for the first phase of migration to the Navy OA objective functional architecture designated as SSDS MK 2 ACB-12/TI-12. ACB-12/TI-12 encompasses: implementation of common product line software components for System Track Management; integration of the product line System Track Management components and associated data model with other SSDS software components and Combat System interfaces (e.g. CEC, DBR, ESSM and Joint Universal Waveform Link (JUWL) up-link, RAM Block 2 and CV-TSC); integration of new interfaces with SEWIP Block 2 Electronic Support (ES),and MH-60R; integration of CPS and CDS; and expansion of SSDS MK 2 Local Area Network (LAN) to OA Combat System LAN, and implementation of information assurance boundary defense capabilities. ACB-12 is planned for IOC in the CVN 78, CVN 72 in FY16, and LHD 2 in FY17. In FY12, planning, analysis, and top level requirements definition was initiated for SSDS MK 2 ACB-16 (now designated as ACB-20). In addition to the integration of the Enterprise Surveillance Suite (EASR and X-Band TI), ACB-20 warfighting improvement integration candidates include fire control loop improvements beyond FCLIP Phase 2 for precision tracking, weapon scheduling, soft kill / hard kill coordination, and engagement control; SEWIP Block 2 with automated radar designation decoy launch; SEWIP Block 3 with Electronic Attack; Terminator; ESSM Block 2 missile; Solid State Laser, sensor / track data from multiple MH-60R Helicopters; interoperability with Joint Strike Fighter, UCLASS and USMC systems; GCCS-M Data Exchange via CANES; and Total Ship Training Capability (TSTC) enhancements. Funds were added in FY13 for the integration and test of SSDS MK2 Tactical Data Link (TDL) 16 interoperability improvements to address critical Strike Group interoperability issues under the AEGIS Wholeness Initiative, designated AMIIP. In FY13, software defect corrections were implemented as Phase 1 of the Fire Control Loop Improvement Project (FCLIP) to correct specific anti-ship missile defense deficiencies identified during live-fire testing. In FY16, FCLIP Phase 2 and FTIIP will be initiated as follow on efforts for fire control loop and strike group interoperability improvements. TI-16 will include common enterprise COTS hardware products for computing, storage, display, and network switching devices to support system and equipment modernization driven by COTS obsolescence. SSDS MK 2 Product Development includes integration of government furnished hardware and software to provide Warfighting Capability Improvements via ACB, and OACE improvements and COTS obsolescence refresh via TI. Product development encompasses studies and analysis, modeling and simulation, system requirements engineering, critical experiments, hardware and software design, software code development, EDM units, hardware/software integration, factory system integration testing, factory qualification testing, and system pre and post certification support during Combat System Integration Testing, Combat System Certification testing, and DT&E (land-based and at-sea). SSDS MK2 Development Test and Evaluation (DT&E) provides for comprehensive testing of SSDS MK2-based Combat System hardware/software upgrades for the CVN, LPD 17, LHD, LHA 6 and LSD ship classes. This includes Land Based testing at Wallops Island and At-Sea testing for the lead ships in each specific ship class Combat System configuration and Live Fire testing on the SDTS. The DT&E encompasses test preparation, integration, engineering and development tests, data collection and analysis, and resolution and verification of deficiency corrections. The SSDS MK 2 T&E supports Integrated Combat System certification, the SSDS Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP) and the Air Warfare Ship Self Defense CAPSTONE Enterprise TEMP. The initial DT&E and Follow on Operational Test and Evaluation (FOT&E) for SSDS MK 2 was conducted with the CVN 76 SSDS MK 2 Mod 1 configuration in FY05. In FY07, the SSDS MK 2 FOT&E requirements were linked with the Air Warfare Ship Self Defense Enterprise T&E initiative to combine At-Sea Combat System element DT&E and OT&E requirements to synergize the resources required for testing in the SSDS MK 2 ships and the SDTS. The LPD-17 class SSDS MK 2 Mod 2 FOT&E was conducted in FY07/FY08 as part of the Enterprise T&E initiative. Live fire, Combat System end-to-end testing was conducted against Anti-Ship Cruise Missile (ASCM) targets on the SDTS in FY07/08/09 with the CVN/LHD/LPD configurations. FOT&E of ESSM integration with SSDS MK 2 was initiated on the CVN 68 class in FY08 and will extend through FY15. FOT&E for the CVN class SSDS MK 2 Mod 1B OACE COTS TI was conducted in FY09. FY14/FY15 FOT&E includes the LHA 6 SSDS MK 2 Mod 4B configuration with the RAM Block 2 missile, ESSM, AMIIP and FCLIP. Future FOT&E includes the LSD SSDS MK 2 Mod 5C configuration with the Phalanx CIWS 1B Baseline 2 system and RAM Block2; and CVN 78 SSDS MK 2 Mod 6C configuration with the DBR, SEWIP Block 2 ES, ESSM with JUWL up-link, and RAM Block 2.

Document Details

• Document Type: Project
• Publication Date: Oct 01, 2016
• Source ID: 2178_0604755N_5_1319_PB_2016

Tags

Fields of Study

• Engineering

Readers

• Fire Suppression Systems Design.
• Naval Mine Countermeasure Systems Development.

Technology Areas

• Cyber
• Directed Energy
• Fully Networked C3
• Fully Networked C3 - Command and Control
• Microelectronics