Loading, Response, and Evaluation of Tunnels and Tunnel Liners in Granite
Abstract
The response of tunnels and tunnel liners in granite subjected to a 5.9-kiloton, contained, underground nuclear explosion was evaluated as a part of the Hard Hat Shot of Operation Nougat. The experiment included 43 test sections, of which 30 had liners and backpacking materials. The remaining 13 were either unlined or were lined without shock isolation material. There was no apparent influence of size, shape, or orientation (parallel or perpendicular to shock wave) on damage to unlined tunnels. There was a significant increase in damage in local zones of incompetent granite. Shock isolation materials were effective in reducing damage and shock spectra. There was little advantage of foam over cinders of comparable thickness. At the intermediate range, only the reinforced concrete liner with 24-inch foam survived undamaged. At the closest range, all test sections were destroyed with the exception of the reinforced concrete liner with 24-inch foam, which was very heavily damaged.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 19, 1963
- Accession Number
- AD0343274
Entities
People
- E. H. Skinner
- E. Y. Wong
- L. T. Kwan
- R. S. Holmes