Piezoelectric and Electrostrictive Materials for Transducer Applications. Volume 2
Abstract
This report documents work carried out on piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials for transducer applications. It discusses the role of ferroelectrics in smart materials and the manner in which these developing interests will impact the needs for transducers as both actuators and sensors. New progress has been made with the flextensional (moonie) type structures and with the evolution of the 1:3 composites towards commercial development as large area actuators. Major advances have been made in the understanding of the relaxor type ferroelectrics which are most useful as dielectrics and electrostrictors. It has become clear that the original superparaelectric model is only a first approximation valid for the very high temperature behaviour and that in fact both the Lead magnesium niobate and the PZT materials are close analogues of the magnetic spin glasses. Interaction between the polar micro- regions leads to a Vogel-Fulcher like slowing down and freezing, and provides understanding of the micros to macrodomain transition, the hysteretic behaviour and the coupled elastic responses. Excellent capability in synthesis and processing has been developed to provide many new compositions and controlled microstructure which are essential for the proper understanding of the properties.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jan 31, 1991
- Accession Number
- ADA236220
Entities
People
- A. S. Bhalla
- J. H. Adair
- J. P. Dougherty
- Leslie Eric Cross
- Robert E. Newnham
Organizations
- Pennsylvania State University