Evaluation of Thorium-232 Distribution at Kirtland Air Force Base, Defense Nuclear Weapons School, Training Site 4
Abstract
Ranges used at Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, NM, to train personnel in the identification of areas containing radioactive contamination provide an excellent test case for environmentally responsible training. These training sites have restricted access, and operations are conducted in compliance with a current Nuclear Regulatory Commission license. In order for the training to be realistic, the ranges have been amended with thorium oxide to simulate a plutonium spill. The environmental concern from the operation of these ranges is thorium migration through three mechanisms: wind, surface water, and vertical migration to groundwater. Field measurements have mapped thorium-232 distribution at the site, and led to laboratory experiments to determine mobility mechanisms. Column leaching experiments have shown that vertical migration is minimal, in agreement with field results. Soil extraction experiments indicate that thorium desorption from soil is colloidal. Additionally, electrokinetic experiments suggest thorium migration as a negative complex, possibly associated with organic matter. Soil stabilization techniques are being tested to determine an optimum method for reducing thorium mobility.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Jul 01, 2004
- Accession Number
- ADA425881
Entities
People
- Anthony J. Bednar
- John C. Morgan
- John H. Ballard
- Melissa G. Shettlemore
- Steven L. Larson
Organizations
- Engineer Research and Development Center