Sediment Sampling and Analysis for Stream Restoration Projects
Abstract
Sedimentation processes, including erosion, transport, deposition, and consolidation and sorting, are critical considerations in evaluating stream stability and developing restoration designs. The form of a channel is a consequence of the magnitude, timing, and frequency of both the runoff and the sediment yield from the watershed. Sediments on the bed of the channel and the soils in the banks also play a role in defining channel form, as they establish the channel's resistance characteristics and thresholds for erosion and degradation. Most sediments transported by streams ultimately (or periodically) deposit in the channel or floodplains, creating new habitats critical to the ecological health of most streams and riparian systems. These sediments, particularly the silt and clay fractions, are often accompanied by associated nutrients and contaminants -- important to the chemical condition of the stream system and its associated biota. Sediments on the streambed are home to a wide array of invertebrates such as insects and mussels, provide spawning substrate for many aquatic species, and are important habitats for early life stages of many fishes. The challenges posed by assessment, remediation, and management of sediment in the United States are not trivial. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1998), 10 percent of sediment underlying U.S. waters contains chemicals at concentrations that may adversely affect fish and wildlife. More 5,000 U.S. water bodies have been listed impaired by "clean" sediments under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, making sediments the leading pollutant. Watershed management plans and remedial actions may be required in these cases to manage sediments and reduce impacts, or to meet Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) standards. This technical note outlines procedures for the sampling and analysis of sediments associated with typical restoration projects.
Document Details
- Document Type
- Technical Report
- Publication Date
- Sep 01, 2007
- Accession Number
- ADA475716
Entities
People
- Charlie Little
- Craig J. Fischenich
Organizations
- Engineer Research and Development Center